| 摘要： |
The "zero-strain" spinel lithium titanate oxide (Li4Ti5O12) has been extensively studied as one of the most promising alternatives to carbon materials in energy conversion and storage devices, because of its negligible volume change (only 0.2-0.3%), ultrahigh rate capability, excellent safety characteristics (suppressed formation of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer and avoided growth of lithium dendrites) and cycling stability (intrinsic zero strain). However, the commercial large-scale applications of LTO-based Li-ion batteries (LIBs) and Li-ion capacitors (LICs) are greatly limited presently. This review mainly concentrates on full cells of LTO-based LIBs and LICs from basic research to applied research. As for various types of LTO-based LIBs, issues on material-cell performance relationships, compatibility of electrolytes, specific applications, overall cost analysis, safety evaluations, gassing mechanisms/remedies, and flexible/micro cell designs, are elaborated. This review also makes a concise summary of the evolution of electrochemical capacitors (ECs), and an exhaustive description of various types of LTO-based LICs on issues of new electrode materials, electrolyte optimization, and cell balancing. Finally, some helpful perspectives are provided to promote the future development of LTO-based LIBs and LICs with high performances. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
